Individualized 3D-printed templates for high-dose-rate interstitial multicathether brachytherapy in patients with breast cancer

Purpose

High-dose-rate, multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy is technically complex and operator-dependent, requiring lengthy training and specialized skills. Furthermore, until the advent of contouring on computerized tomography (CT) images, difficulties existed in locating the target volume precisely. The present article reports the results of a study that aimed at producing and validating a 3D-printed template to aid in target volume localization for multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy in patients with breast cancer.

颈内静脉内径呼吸变异度和血流速度在椎管内麻醉后容量预测中的价值

目的探究超声测量颈内静脉内径呼吸变异度和血流速度在椎管内麻醉后血容量判断中的价值。方法选择我院2017年2月至2019年2月择期手术的椎管内麻醉患者120例,男64例,女56例,年龄为34～66岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。记录麻醉前、麻醉后5、15、25 min左侧颈内静脉最大直径(Dmax)、最小直径(Dmin)、内径呼吸变异度(RVI)、中心静脉压(CVP)、血流速度最大值(BVmax)、血流速度最小值(BVmin)和血流速度变异度(BVI),取CVP=6 mmHg作为预测值,并通过绘制ROC曲线来评估Dmax、Dmin、RVI、BVmax、BVmin和BVI的预测效能。结果与麻醉前比较,麻醉后5 min时Dmax、Dmin和BVI明显降低(P0.05),RVI明显升高(P0.05);与麻醉后5和15 min比较,麻醉后25 min,Dmax、Dmin和BVI明显升高(P0.05),RVI明显降低(P0.05)。麻醉前BVmin的AUC值最大为0.958,临界值6.86,敏感性82.6%,特异性95.2%;麻醉后5 min,Dmin的AUC值最大为0.944,临界值0.74,敏感性98.4%,特异性84.3%;麻醉后15 min,Dmin和BVmax的AUC值最大分别为0.949和0.945,临界值分别为0.72和7.99,敏感性分别为96.5%和89.8%,特异性分别为82.4%和82.1%;麻醉后25 min,BVmax的AUC值最大为0.981,临界值8.98,敏感性92.0%,特异性90.5%。结论超声测量患者颈内静脉的内径变异度和血流速度可作为预测椎管内麻醉后血容量的方式。     

舌三针为主治疗脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的临床研究

目的观察舌三针为主治疗脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的临床疗效及其对脑神经机制的影响。方法将130例脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组65例。对照组采用康复训练配合低频脉冲电刺激治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上采用舌三针治疗。观察两组治疗前后吞咽功能(洼田饮水试验评分)、精神状态[汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分]及表面肌电图各项指标[平均振幅值(AEMG)、持续时间(t)]的变化情况。结果两组治疗后洼田饮水试验评分、HAMA评分及HAMD评分与同组治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后洼田饮水试验评分、HAMA评分及HAMD评分与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后空吞咽时及吞咽5 mL水时sEMG各项指标(颏下肌群及舌骨下肌群的AEMG和t)与同组治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后空吞咽时及吞咽5 mL水时sEMG各项指标与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后误吸及肺部感染的发生率分别为16.1%和17.7%,对照组分别为36.2%和32.8%,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论舌三针配合康复训练及低频脉冲电刺激能有效改善脑卒中患者的吞咽功能。     

电针对脑缺血大鼠侧脑室室管膜下区巢蛋白表达的影响

目的观察电针对脑缺血大鼠侧脑室室管膜下区巢蛋白(Nestin)表达的影响,探讨不同针刺处方防治脑缺血作用机制。方法大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针1组、电针2组。电针1组电针双侧“丰隆”(ST40)(2/100 Hz,1~3 mA),每天1次,每次30分钟,连续治疗7天;第8天,电针1、2组和模型组用50%FeCl 3滤纸贴敷大脑中动脉20分钟造成脑血栓模型,术后电针1、2组电针ST40、“百会”(GV20),每天1次,连续7天。术后1天利用神经功能缺损评分法(neurological deficit score,NDS)进行行为学检测,苏木素伊红染色观察缺血半暗带组织形态,免疫组化法检测缺血侧侧脑室室管膜下区Nestin的表达。结果模型组大鼠NDS升高(P<0.05),缺血半暗带神经细胞水肿明显,神经元核固缩,术后侧脑室室管膜下区Nestin面密度升高,持续至术后7天(P<0.01)。电针治疗后神经功能缺损评分降低(P<0.05),缺血半暗带神经细胞水肿减轻,细胞形态趋于正常,电针1、2组侧脑室背外侧角Nestin表达均增高,从术后1天(电针1组P<0.01,电针2组P<0.05)持续至术后7天(P<0.01),电针组侧脑室外侧壁Nestin表达在术后1天升高(P<0.01),术后7天升高差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。电针1、2组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但趋势上电针1组高于电针2组。结论电针可改善脑缺血后神经功能,减轻缺血性脑损伤,促进侧脑室室管膜下区神经干细胞增殖,促进脑损伤后神经修复,在脑缺血前进行电针治疗效果更佳。     

Racial differences in hemoglobin and plasma volume variation: implications for muscle performance and recovery

Objective: To examine the effect of race differences on sprint performance, Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Ht) and plasma volume (PV) variation in response to repeated sprint exercise.

Design: Thirty-six healthy, moderately trained men and women (20.8?±?0.2 year-old) volunteered to participate in this study. They were allocated to one of the four groups according to their gender and race: Black men’s group (BM, n?=?9), White men’s group (WM, n?=?9), Black women’s group (BW, n?=?9) and White women’s group (WW, n?=?9). All participants performed the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), which consists of six?35-m sprints with 10 s of recovery in-between. Six venous blood samples were collected to determine Hb, Ht and PV levels at rest, after warm-up, immediately post- and at 5, 15 and 30 min post-RAST. Blood lactate is also sampled during the 3rd minutes of recovery.

Results: The best running time was significantly shorter (P?=?.002) in BW compared to WW. We have observed significantly higher Hb (P?=?.010) and Ht (P?=?.004) levels in BW compared to WW during the 5th minute of recovery. During RAST, the PV decreased significantly (P?=?.007) in WM only. Black groups had lower (P?<?.05) lactate levels compared to the white subjects. During recovery, PV increase was significantly (P?=?.003) higher in WW compared to BW during the 5th minute of recovery.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that sprint and repeated sprint performances were different between white and black women. Differences in anaerobic performance between the groups were associated with racial differences in lactate levels and blood count among women’s group during recovery time. Hence, it is important to take into account this race-related difference in hematological parameters in responses to intense efforts.     

穴位埋线治疗卒中后肩关节半脱位疗效及对血清TNF-α、IL-6的影响

目的观察穴位埋线治疗卒中后肩关节半脱位临床疗效及对血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)因子水平的影响,探讨抑制炎症反应的相关机制。方法将92例卒中后肩关节半脱位患者按1:1:1随机分3组,共剔除2例,最终每组30例。埋康组采用康复训练加穴位埋线;针康组采用康复训练加针刺治疗;康复组采用单纯康复治疗。分别于治疗前后采用Fugl-Meyer(FMA)上肢运动能力、视觉模拟评分(VAS)及血清TNF-α、IL-6炎性因子水平进行评价。结果治疗后3组患者Fugl-Meyer及VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清TNF-α、IL-6炎性因子水平降低(P<0.05);3组中埋康组疗效最优;且3组治疗前后组内比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论穴位埋线能改善卒中肩关节半脱位患者上肢肩痛及运动功能,降低机体炎症性应激反应。     

穴位埋线配合针刺及康复训练治疗中风后肢体偏瘫的临床观察

目的观察穴位埋线配合针刺及康复训练治疗对中风后恢复期肢体偏瘫患者的临床治疗效。 方法选择2018年6月至2019年8月贵州省铜仁市碧江区中医院康复科收治住院的98例中风恢复期肢体偏瘫患者，按随机数值表法随机分为对照组48例(针刺联合康复训练治疗)和治疗组50例(穴位埋线配合针刺联合康复训练治疗)，连续治疗4周，治疗前和治疗后神经功能缺损程度评定量表(NDS)、Berg平衡功能进行评定量表(BBS)、巴氏(Barthe)指数组间比较采用两独立样本t检验，治疗前后比较采用自身配对t检验；2组总有效率比较采用χ²检验。 结果(1)总有效率：治疗组有效50例，无效0例，治疗总有效率100.0%(50/50)；对照组有效43例，无效5例，总有效率89.6%(43/48)，治疗组总有效率高于对照组(χ²＝12.163，P<0.05)。(2)2组治疗前后自身比较：治疗4周后，治疗组与对照组患者NDS评分均较治疗前降低(t＝18.39、16.22，均P<0.05)，治疗组治疗后Barthel指数、BBS评分均较治疗前评分增高(t＝145.00、54.25，均P<0.05)，对照组治疗后Barthel指数、BBS评分均较治疗前评分增高(t＝126.00、27.13，均P<0.05)，差异均有统计学意义。(3)治疗组与对照组比较：治疗4周后，治疗组患者NDS评分均较照组降低(t＝-5.299，P<0.05)，治疗组Barthel指数、BBS评分均较照组评分增高(t＝2.805、13.203，均P<0.05)。 结论埋线疗法结合针刺、康复训练对中风恢复期肢体偏瘫患者有良好治疗作用，能更好、更快地提高患者的运动功能和日常生活能力及生存的质量，此法值得临床推广。     

BTX-A注射唾液腺改善脑卒中流涎症的临床研究

目的 观察BTX-A注射唾液腺改善脑卒中流涎症的临床疗效和安全性。方法 收集福建中医药大学附属康复医院住院的30例脑卒中后流涎的患者,按照随机数字表法随机分为治疗组15例和对照组15例。两组均给予常规吞咽康复训练12周,治疗组在常规吞咽康复训练基础上予超声引导下100U BTX-A双侧腮腺和颌下腺分别注射35U及15U。采用流涎频率评分、教师流涎分级法(TDS)、Frenchay构音障碍评定法中关于流涎的分级标准于BTX-A治疗前、治疗12周后评估各组患者的流涎程度。结果 BTX-A注射唾液腺12周后,治疗组的流涎频率评分总有效率明显高于对照组的(P＜0.05)；治疗组TDS评分总有效率明显高于对照组的(P＜0.05)；治疗组Frenchay流涎评分总有效率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 常规吞咽训练配合BTX-A注射唾液腺明显改善脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的流涎症状,是一种安全有效的治疗方法及副作用少,对改善患者形象及生活自信建立帮助巨大,值得临床上推广及应用。     

Onset,time course and prediction of spasticity after stroke or traumatic brain injury

ObjectiveTo describe spasticity from the onset of acquired brain injury, time course over the first year and factors associated with prediction of the development of spasticity.MethodsRecent relevant literature known to the authors, along with a complementary search yielding a total of 9 articles, represented the base for this scoping review.ResultsSpasticity can be seen in the first week after brain injury and is more common in the upper than lower extremity. The severity of upper-limb impairment is a major factor in the development of spasticity during the first year after stroke. The prevalence of severe spasticity seems to increase during the first year. The combination of reduced arm motor function and spasticity in an early phase (4 weeks post-stroke) is an important predictor of the development of severe spasticity after 12 months. Spontaneous reduction in spasticity was seldom reported but may occur, especially in mild forms of spasticity.ConclusionSigns of spasticity can often be noted within the first 4 weeks after brain injury and is more common in the upper than lower extremity. Impaired sensorimotor function is a predictor. These findings highlight the importance to follow up patients with increased risk of developing severe spasticity to be able to start adequate spasticity treatment and prevent the negative consequences of spasticity. Understanding spasticity onset and progression also provides a basis for the development of effective therapies.